滋肾温阳汤联合克龄蒙治疗卵巢储备功能下降45例

目的:观察滋肾温阳汤联合克龄蒙治疗卵巢储备功能下降(DOR)患者的临床疗效,并探讨其对患者血清激素水平、细胞因子Toll样受体1(TLR1)、Toll样受体2(TLR2)的影响。方法:将90例肾虚血瘀型DOR患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组采用口服克龄蒙治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用滋肾温阳汤。比较两组患者治疗前后的中医症状评分、血清性激素水平、卵巢状态及细胞因子TLR1、TLR2表达率,并评价临床疗效。结果:观察组疗效优于对照组(P=0.048)。治疗后,两组中医症状评分较治疗前均降低(P<0.001),且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.001);两组血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),雌二醇(E2)水平较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组血清FSH、LH、E2水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后卵巢窦卵泡数(AFC)、卵巢动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组AFC、PSV高于对照组(P<0.001);两组TLR1、TLR2表达率较治疗前均显著下降(P<0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组和对照组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论:滋肾温阳汤联合克龄蒙治疗DOR疗效显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,降低血清FSH、LH水平,提高血清E2水平,增加AFC,提高PSV,降低TLR1、TLR2表达率。     

小儿及青春期卵巢肿瘤31例分析

目的：分析小儿及青春期卵巢肿瘤的特征，探讨其诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾我院妇科1999～2003年18岁以下幼少女卵巢肿瘤31例。年龄4～18岁，平均14.8岁。其中上皮性肿瘤10例，生殖细胞肿瘤15例．卵巢瘤样病变6例。结果：全部患者均经手术病理确诊，痊愈出院。2例恶性生殖细胞肿瘤患者术后予化疗，随访至今。结论：幼少女卵巢肿瘤大多为良性且生殖细胞肿瘤占多数，其组织类型在各年龄阶段分布不同。儿童及青春期卵巢肿瘤的诊断应注意其特点,减少误诊。除非证实肿瘤为恶性，否则应尽量保留卵巢，如对侧卵巢外观无异常，不应常规活检或楔形切除。卵巢恶性生殖细胞肿瘤可行保留生育功能的术式，除非对侧卵巢或子宫已经受累。PEB方案为术后化疗首选。     

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders in children with benign ovarian tumors

Aim: Paraneoplastic neurological diseases (PND) are rare, but potentially treatable disorders. Paraneoplastic encephalitis is rapidly emerging as an important but likely under-recognized condition in children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and spectrum of PND in children with benign ovary tumor and the long-term outcome. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all female patients below 18 years of age diagnosed with a benign ovarian tumor proven by pathology between January 1993 and December 2010. All the clinical symptoms developed within 5 years of tumor diagnosis and the related investigations were recorded. Results: There were total 133 children and adolescents with benign ovarian tumors, mostly mature teratoma. Six patients (4.5%) had neuropsychiatric manifestations and all but one were beyond age 10 years. The most common neuropsychiatric presentations were depression or low mood (84%), headache (50%), mutism (50%), hypoventilation (50%), seizures (30%), hallucination (30%), vomiting and hypersalivation (30%). Three patients (2.2%) had serious PND including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 1 and anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in 2. Although all of three improved after tumor removal, one without immunotherapy had neurological sequelae and prolonged ICU stay. Conclusion: The prevalence of PND in benign ovary tumor is not so uncommon in children. It is important to survey ovary tumors in female adolescents with subacute presentation of multiple-level involvement of neuraxis where no clear alternate diagnosis is possible. Treatment of serious PND associated with ovary tumors should include immunotherapy in addition to tumor removal.     

The lowest VE/VCO2 ratio best identifies chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Introduction

The natural history of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) under treatment is about a gradual resolution of the thrombi, and uncommonly, the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We hypothesized that ventilatory efficiency parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may be able to monitor the process and predict CTEPH.

Methods

15 patients rehabilitated from acute PE (total resolution of thrombi), 44 patients with chronic PE (with residual thrombi), 66 patients with CTEPH, and 36 sedentary healthy controls performed incremental CPET.

Results

The lowest VE/VCO₂ was higher in CTEPH patients than that in chronic PE and rehabilitated patients (43.4 L/min vs 29.9 L/min vs 27.1 L/min, p < 0.005). The VE/VCO₂ slope (48.4 L/min/L/min vs 29.9 L/min/L/min vs 28.0 L/min/L/min, p < 0.005) and oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) (37.1 L/min vs 27.0 L/min vs 25.2 L/min, p < 0.005) had the similar changes. In logistic regression analysis, the lowest VE/VCO₂ ≥ 34.35 L/min was the best predictor of CTEPH (OR 159.0, 95% CI 36.0-702.3, p < 0.001). The lowest VE/VCO₂ was higher in chronic PE patients compared with the controls (29.9 L/min vs 26.5 L/min, p < 0.05), but there was no difference between the rehabilitated patients and the controls. In multiple linear regression analysis, the percentage of vascular obstruction by ventilation-perfusion lung scanning (PVO) was the most significant independent predictor for indices of ventilatory efficiency in chronic PE and rehabilitated patients.

Conclusions

CTEPH is associated with weakened ventilatory efficiency. The lowest VE/VCO2 ratio has the best capability to predict CTEPH. Ventilatory inefficiency improves along with recovery of acute PE.     

Evaluation of cerebrovascular reserve using xenon-enhanced CT scanning in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) is an important prognostic factor in patients with major cerebral arterial steno-occlusive disease. However, few studies have examined CVR in symptomatic intracranial stenosis without ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. This study sought to evaluate CVR in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis using xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe/CT) with acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge. Twelve patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis were recruited. All patients were examined by Xe/CT to quantitatively measure resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and received ACZ challenge to evaluate CVR. For resting CBF, no significant differences were found between the sides in four regions of interest. After the ACZ challenge test, the CVR was significantly different between hemispheres (ipsilateral versus contralateral CVR: 12.9 ± 24.3% versus 28.0 ± 16.8%, respectively; p = 0.005) and in the MCA territory (ipsilateral versus contralateral CVR: 8.7 ± 24.7% versus 29.3 ± 24%, respectively; p = 0.003). However, no significant differences in CVR were detected between cortical comparisons and white matter comparisons from the two sides. Thus, ACZ-challenge Xe/CT is useful for the measurement of CBF and CVR in these patients. Impaired CVR is an important characteristic of patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis.     

经胸腹部联合切口的巨大肝血管瘤切除术

北京协和医院肝脏外科于2012年4月10日成功完成1例巨大肝血管瘤切除手术,手术历时11h,肿瘤最长径为48cm。该患者22年前曾因肝脏肿瘤行经胸、腹联合切口探查,但因术中出血较多未能切除肿瘤。该手术的成功受益于精准肝切除,包括CT血管重建技术、三维立体肝脏储备功能评估、术中控制性低中心静脉压以及精细肝切除操作技术的综合应用。     

人类血清激肽释放酶10的检测及其在卵巢癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨人类血清激肽释放酶10（human kallikrein 10，hk10）在卵巢癌诊断和预后判断中的价值。方法ELISA法检测卵巢癌组、妇科良性疾病组、正常对照组的血清hk10浓度／阳性率并与CA125进行比较，动态观察卵巢癌患者术后第1、5、10天hk10的浓度。结果hkl0诊断卵巢癌的灵敏度为59％，特异性为89％；卵巢癌组hk10浓度／阳性率（浓度为603～1742ng／L，平均浓度为1093ng／L／59％）明显高于妇科良性疾病组（浓度为52～1142ng／L，平均为516ng／L／3％）和正常健康女性对照组（浓度为73～925ng／L，平均为460ng／L／0）；卵巢癌患者血清hk10浓度于术后第10天降至正常；联合应用hkl0和CA125诊断卵巢癌的阳性率明显升高，hk10的浓度与卵巢癌的分级、分期、组织分化程度有关。结论血清hk10是卵巢癌诊断和预后判断的有价值的指标，联合应用hk10和CA125可使卵巢癌，尤其是早期卵巢癌的阳性率提高。     

卵巢癌患者血清蛋白指纹图谱检测及其临床意义

目的 运用SELDI-TOF-MS技术（表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术）检测卵巢癌患者、良性卵巢囊肿和正常健康妇女的血清蛋白质指纹图谱，初步探讨筛选出的肿瘤标志物建立的诊断模型在卵巢癌诊断中的临床意义。方法 用SELDI-TOF-MS技术及WCX2芯片检测55例卵巢癌患者和60例对照纽的血清蛋白指纹图谱，并运用SPSS10.0软件判别分析处理数据和筛选标志物，以建立诊断模型。结果 6个蛋白质峰（11500、11650、11800、15800、16000、16250m／z）组合构建的诊断模型1鉴别卵巢癌和对照组的敏感性为94、5％（52／55），特异性为93．3％（56160）。6个蛋白质峰（11590、11700、12000、14800、15500、15900m／z）组合构建的诊断模型Ⅱ鉴别Ⅰ期卵巢癌和对照组的敏感性为82．45％（14／17），特异性为90．0％（54／60）。5个蛋白质峰（11600、11750、16100、16150、16200m／z）组合构建的诊断模型Ⅲ鉴别Ⅰ期卵巢癌患者和Ⅱ～Ⅳ期卵巢癌患者的敏感性为92．1％（35／38），特异性为94．1％（16／17）。结论 SELDI-TOF-MS技术是一种快速、准确、高通量、高灵敏度的蛋白质分析方法，能够直接检测出卵巢癌患者血清中相对特异的肿瘤标志物，其对于卵巢癌的早期诊断具有一定的临床意义。     

Cognitive reserve in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe concept of cognitive reserve is proposed to explain the mismatch between the degree of pathological changes and their clinical manifestations and has been used to help understand the variation in the rate of cognitive decline and the development of dementias. It is not clear whether this concept applies to cognitive performance, cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the most commonly described proxies for cognitive reserve of education, occupation and leisure activities. Thirty four papers were found on education and cognition in PD but there were no studies of the other proxies of reserve. A random effects meta-analysis was used to assess the associations between education and cross-sectional cognitive assessments, longitudinal global cognitive decline and a long term dementia diagnosis.ResultsThere was a significant association between higher education and cross-sectional performance of MMSE, global cognition, mild cognitive impairment, attention, executive function, visuospatial function and memory. There was a small but significant association between higher education and a reduced rate of cognitive decline. There was no association with a final dementia diagnosis. There was not enough information to perform an analysis on the rate and timing of transition to dementia.ConclusionsHigher levels of education are associated with significantly better cognitive performance and a small but significant slowing in cognitive decline but are not associated with a reduction in long-term dementia in PD. More detailed, standardized, longitudinal studies are required to study conclusively the effects cognitive reserve in PD.     

血清CA125变化对判断卵巢癌疗效的价值探讨

目的探讨血清CA125值的变化对判断卵巢癌疗效分析。方法选取我院从2012年6月～2013年6月门诊收治的78例卵巢癌患者做为研究对象。按照人院顺序随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组39例。治疗组患者应用腹腔热灌注化疗（IPCH）方法化疗;对照组患者手术中使用热灌注疗法化疗。对比两组患者的临床治疗效果及治疗前后患者血清CA125值变化。结果治疗组患者的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组患者,差异具统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组患者化疗后血清CA125值的变化显著优于对照组,差异具统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论通过监测卵巢癌患者血清CA125值的变化,对于化疗方法及药物的临床治疗效果评价具有指导意义。